{"id":811,"date":"2025-01-01T12:55:33","date_gmt":"2025-01-01T09:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/?p=811"},"modified":"2025-05-14T13:06:51","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T10:06:51","slug":"surpriz-karar-yasagi-hukuki-temeli-ve-ictihatlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/surpriz-karar-yasagi-hukuki-temeli-ve-ictihatlar\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fcrpriz Karar Yasa\u011f\u0131: Hukuki Temeli ve \u0130\u00e7tihatlar\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Kavram ve Ama\u00e7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cS\u00fcrpriz karar yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d, yarg\u0131lamaya konu olaylar\u0131n veya hukuki nitelemelerin&nbsp;<strong>taraflarca tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmadan<\/strong>&nbsp;h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen usul ilkesidir. Temel hedef; hukuk\u00ee \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik, g\u00fcven ve&nbsp;<strong>hukuk\u00ee dinlenilme hakk\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong>&nbsp;(hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn usule ili\u015fkin boyutu) korunmas\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Normatif Dayanak<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>D\u00fczenleme<\/th><th>Ana Unsur<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Anayasa m.\u202f36<\/strong><\/td><td>Herkes, \u201cme\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollardan\u201d yararlanarak iddia\u2011savunma ileri s\u00fcrme ve\u00a0<strong>adil yarg\u0131lanma<\/strong>\u00a0hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u0130lkenin usule yans\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden biri de karar\u0131n \u201c\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir\u201d olmas\u0131 gere\u011fidir.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>A\u0130HS m.\u202f6<\/strong><\/td><td>Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi, yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131ndan ani sapmalar\u0131n veya taraflar\u0131n dinlenmeden yeni hukuki temellere dayan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fini vurgular. \u00d6rnek: A\u0130HM, &#8230;ve &#8230;\/T\u00fcrkiye (B. No: 13279\/05, 20.10.2011) karar\u0131.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>HMK m.\u202f27<\/strong><\/td><td>Hukuk yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda \u201cortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak karar s\u00fcrpriz nitelikte olmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc, yasa\u011f\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k kanuni dayana\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0130YUK m.\u202f27\/8<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0130dari yarg\u0131da mahkemenin y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin durdurulmas\u0131 karar\u0131 sonras\u0131 dosyay\u0131\u00a0<strong>\u00f6ncelikle<\/strong>\u00a0sonu\u00e7land\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ilgilileri haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakalayacak kararlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7meye y\u00f6neliktir.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CMK m.\u202f173\/3\u20114<\/strong><\/td><td>Ceza yarg\u0131s\u0131nda savc\u0131l\u0131k kararlar\u0131na itiraz a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkeme, taraf\u0131 dinlemeden lehe\u2011aleyhe yeni olgu ekleyemez; aksi takdirde eksik inceleme karar\u0131 verir.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3. \u0130\u00e7tihatlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Karar<\/th><th>\u00d6zet<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Yarg\u0131tay 9.\u202fHD, E.\u202f2016\/26476, K.\u202f2020\/7547 (14.09.2020)<\/strong><\/td><td>Belirsiz alacak davalar\u0131nda i\u00e7tihat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine giderek, <strong>\u201c\u00f6nceki kararlara g\u00fcvenerek dava a\u00e7an taraf\u0131n beklentisini korumak i\u00e7in yeni yorumun makul s\u00fcre sonra uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d<\/strong> belirtti. B\u00f6ylece daire, i\u00e7tihat de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini duyurmadan davay\u0131 reddetmenin s\u00fcrpriz karara yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekti. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Yarg\u0131tay 8.\u202fHD, E.\u202f2018\/1690, K.\u202f2020\/6161<\/strong><\/td><td>Taraflar\u0131n hi\u00e7 tart\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir vak\u0131an\u0131n gerek\u00e7e yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 HMK\u202fm. 27\u2019ye ayk\u0131r\u0131 bularak bozma karar\u0131 verdi; <strong>\u201ctaraf te\u015fkili sa\u011flanmadan h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulamaz\u201d<\/strong> vurgusu yapt\u0131. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>AYM\u202fB.\u202f2019\/12190, 22.02.2022 (\u0130smail\u202fAvc\u0131)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilik alaca\u011f\u0131 davas\u0131n\u0131n dava \u015fart\u0131 yoklu\u011fundan reddi, davac\u0131ya eksikli\u011fi tamamlama imk\u00e2n\u0131 tan\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in <strong>\u201cmahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u201d<\/strong> ihlali say\u0131ld\u0131. Mahkeme, s\u00fcrpriz karar\u0131 \u00f6nlemenin \u201cen hafif m\u00fcdahale arac\u0131\u201d ilkesinin gere\u011fi oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131. <\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>A\u0130HM \u2026\/T\u00fcrkiye, B.\u202fNo\u202f13279\/05, 20.10.2011<\/strong><\/td><td>\u00c7at\u0131\u015fan i\u00e7tihatlar nedeniyle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fi, ulusal mahkemelerin <strong>belirli ve a\u00e7\u0131k gerek\u00e7e<\/strong> ortaya koymas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifade edildi. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. S\u00fcrpriz Karar\u0131n Tipik G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm Bi\u00e7imleri<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Yeni Hukuki Sebep:<\/strong>\u00a0Mahkeme, dilek\u00e7elerde yer almayan veya taraflar\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 bir yasa maddesine dayanarak h\u00fck\u00fcm kurar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Beklenmedik \u0130\u00e7tihat De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi:<\/strong>\u00a0Y\u00fcksek mahkeme, yerle\u015fik uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n tam tersi y\u00f6nde karar verip bunu taraflara \u00f6nceden duyurmaz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Delil S\u00fcrprizi:<\/strong>\u00a0Dosyaya son anda giren belge veya bilirki\u015fi raporuna ili\u015fkin savunma f\u0131rsat\u0131 tan\u0131nmaz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu hallerde h\u00e2kim,&nbsp;<strong>\u201c\u00f6nel verme\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;(uygun s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alma) y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yerine getirmezse karar bozulabilir veya AYM\/ A\u0130HM \u00f6n\u00fcnde ihl\u00e2l tespiti g\u00fcndeme gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Sonu\u00e7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u00fcrpriz karar yasa\u011f\u0131, T\u00fcrk hukukunda\u00a0<strong>Anayasa m.\u202f36<\/strong>\u00a0ile temellenen adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ini dolduran bir\u00a0<strong>usul g\u00fcvenli\u011fi mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. HMK\u202fm.27\u2019deki a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcm ve Yarg\u0131tay\u2011AYM\u2011A\u0130HM i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131, h\u00e2kime\u00a0<em>\u00f6nceden bildirme\u2013\u00f6nel verme\u2013ikna edici gerek\u00e7e<\/em>\u00a0y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc getirir. Uygulamada bu kurala uyulmamas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bozma sebebi de\u011fil, bireysel ba\u015fvuru ve uluslararas\u0131 denetim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da ihl\u00e2l sonucunu do\u011furabilir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. Kavram ve Ama\u00e7 \u201cS\u00fcrpriz karar yasa\u011f\u0131\u201d, yarg\u0131lamaya konu olaylar\u0131n veya hukuki nitelemelerin&nbsp;taraflarca tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmadan&nbsp;h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen usul ilkesidir. Temel hedef; hukuk\u00ee \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik, g\u00fcven ve&nbsp;hukuk\u00ee dinlenilme hakk\u0131n\u0131n&nbsp;(hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn usule ili\u015fkin boyutu) korunmas\u0131d\u0131r.&nbsp; 2. Normatif Dayanak D\u00fczenleme Ana Unsur Anayasa m.\u202f36 Herkes, \u201cme\u015fru vas\u0131ta ve yollardan\u201d yararlanarak iddia\u2011savunma ileri s\u00fcrme ve\u00a0adil yarg\u0131lanma\u00a0hakk\u0131na sahiptir. \u0130lkenin usule yans\u0131yan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden biri de karar\u0131n \u201c\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir\u201d olmas\u0131 gere\u011fidir.\u00a0 A\u0130HS m.\u202f6 Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi, yerle\u015fik i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131ndan ani sapmalar\u0131n veya taraflar\u0131n dinlenmeden yeni hukuki temellere dayan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131 zedeledi\u011fini vurgular. \u00d6rnek: A\u0130HM, &#8230;ve &#8230;\/T\u00fcrkiye (B. No: 13279\/05, 20.10.2011) karar\u0131.\u00a0 HMK m.\u202f27 Hukuk yarg\u0131lamas\u0131nda \u201cortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yayinlar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=811"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":812,"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/811\/revisions\/812"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tansel.av.tr\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}