The First Law Covering Crypto-Assets in Türkiye Will Boost Crypto-Assets Market in EMEA
Türkiye is a powerhouse in the EMEA region, leading in various sectors and standing out prominently in the crypto-assets market. Currently, it ranks first in Europe and fourth globally in crypto-asset trading volume. In a significant move to solidify its position and provide a robust legal framework, Türkiye has introduced its first comprehensive law regulating, among others, crypto-assets, crypto-asset service providers, and crypto-asset custody services.
This milestone has been achieved through amendments to the Capital Markets Law, which now includes provisions specifically tailored for the burgeoning crypto-asset market. These amendments empower the Capital Markets Board to issue secondary regulations, expected by the end of 2024, that will detail the operational, legal, and financial aspects, ensuring thorough market supervision.
Below, you will find a detailed list of the amendments, providing a clear view of the comprehensive scope of the amended law. This initiative marks a significant step forward in Türkiye’s commitment to fostering a secure and regulated environment for crypto-assets, enhancing investor confidence, and supporting market growth.
Stay tuned as Türkiye continues to set the pace in the global crypto-assets landscape.
The New Provisions in the Capital Markets Law
1. Definitions:
- Crypto-asset wallet
- Crypto-asset
- Crypto-asset service providers (CASPs)
- Crypto-asset custody services
- Centralized crypto-asset exchanges (Platforms)
2. Issuance and Tracking of Capital Market Instruments as Crypto-Assets:
- Issuance of security tokens
- Tokenization of capital market instruments
3. Conditions for the Establishment License and Operation License of CASPs:
Conditions related to founders, shareholders, and board members
4. Conditions and Obligations for Internal Organizations and Operational Affairs of CASPs and Platforms
5. Provisions for the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) to Determine Criteria on Various Technical Issues and for the Capital Markets Board (CMB) to Seek Opinions:
- Determining criteria for “information systems and technological infrastructure” for the establishment and operation permits of CASPs
- CMB’s authority to request technical reports from TÜBİTAK or other relevant institutions for the sale and distribution of L-1 native coins (e.g., BTC, ETH, etc.) on Platforms without being subject to the provisions related to capital market instruments in the Capital Markets Law
- CMB’s authority to seek TÜBİTAK’s opinion on the technological features of crypto-assets when regulating written listing procedures for the ICO and/or listing of crypto-assets on Platforms
- Additional procedures and principles related to the audit of information systems for which the CMB can seek TÜBİTAK’s opinion
6. Covered Crypto Assets:
- Security tokens
- Crypto-assets whose value cannot be separated from their underlying blockchains (e.g., BTC, ETH)
- All crypto-assets offered for sale on Platforms
CMB can also regulate that crypto assets whose value cannot be separated from their underlying blockchains are not subject to capital market instruments rules.
7. Segregation of Funds for CASPs and their Customers
8. Compliance:
- Compliance with Financial Crimes Investigation Board (MASAK) regulations
- Compliance with responsibility regime in the Capital Markets Law
- Compliance with judicial processes
9. License Conditions Foreign Centralized Crypto-Asset Exchanges:
- Establishment of a workplace in Türkiye
- Creation of/having in place a Turkish website
- Direct and/or indirect promotional and marketing activities related to crypto-asset services offered in Türkiye through local persons or institutions
10. Types of Legal Responsibilities, Audits, Measures, Sanctions, and Crimes for CASPs:
11. The crime of providing unauthorized crypto-asset services
12. Measures to be applied in investigations of market manipulation, insider trading, and market fraud
13. Legal liabilities of CASP shareholders, board members, and employees based on certain criteria
14. The crime of embezzlement for CASP board members, shareholders, controllers, and relevant employees
15. Platforms must transfer 1% of their annual revenue (excluding interest) to the CMB and 1% to TÜBİTAK
16. Topics for which the CMB will issue secondary regulations:
- For CASPs:
– Scope, amendment, termination, mandatory provisions, fees, and expenses of customer contracts
-Publications, announcements, advertisements, and notifications for CASPs
- For Platforms:
– ICOs and trading on Platforms
– Sale and distribution of L-1 native coins (BTC, ETH, etc.) on Platforms without being subject to capital market instruments provisions in the Capital Markets Law
– For Platforms to create “listing procedures” for the ICO and/or listing and de-listing of crypto-assets
- General & Other:
-Exchange, transfer, custody of crypto assets
-RWA tokenization: Crypto-assets providing rights specific to capital market instruments (security tokens)
-Custody: The CMB’s authority to regulate:
**for any crypto-assets; or,
**for the technological features underlying the
crypto-assets or the characteristics and quantities of the
crypto assets
-Audit: Audit of information systems and independent financial audit